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The indeterminacy of translation is a thesis propounded by 20th-century American analytic philosopher W. V. Quine. The classic statement of this thesis can be found in his 1960 book ''Word and Object'', which gathered together and refined much of Quine's previous work on subjects other than formal logic and set theory.〔 The indeterminacy of translation is also discussed at length in his ''Ontological Relativity''.〔 Wright suggests that this "has been among the most widely discussed and controversial theses in modern analytical philosophy".〔 This view is endorsed by Putnam who states that it is "the most fascinating and the most discussed philosophical argument since Kant’s Transcendental Deduction of the Categories”.〔 Three aspects of indeterminacy arise, of which two relate to indeterminacy of translation.〔 The three indeterminacies are (i) inscrutability of reference, and (ii) holophrastic indeterminacy, and (iii) the underdetermination of scientific theory. The last of these, not discussed here, refers to Quine's assessment that evidence alone does not dictate the choice of a scientific theory. The first refers to indeterminacy in interpreting individual words or sub-sentences. The second refers to indeterminacy in entire sentences or more extensive portions of discourse. ==Indeterminacy of reference== (詳細はaffirmative answer to "Is this the same ''gavagai'' as that earlier one?" rules out some possible translations. But these questions can only be asked once the linguist has mastered much of the natives' grammar and abstract vocabulary; that in turn can only be done on the basis of hypotheses derived from simpler, observation-connected bits of language; and those sentences, on their own, admit of multiple interpretations.〔 The situation is made worse when more abstract words are used, not directly attached to public observation: These observations about the need for context brings up the next topic, holophrastic indeterminacy. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Indeterminacy of translation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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